MitsinjeNdizigawo zofunika kwambiri pamakina amakina, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati msana womwe umathandizira zinthu zonse zopatsirana potumiza torque ndikuyenda nthawi yopindika. Mapangidwe a shaft sayenera kungoyang'ana pamikhalidwe yake payekha komanso kuganiziranso kuphatikiza kwake ndi dongosolo lonse la shaft system. Kutengera ndi mtundu wa katundu womwe umachitika panthawi yoyenda ndi kutumizira mphamvu, ma shaft amatha kugawidwa kukhala ma spindles, ma shafts oyendetsa, ndi ma shaft ozungulira. Athanso kugawidwa kutengera mawonekedwe awo a axis kukhala ma shaft owongoka, ma eccentric shafts, crankshafts, ndi ma shaft osinthika.
Zopota
1.Fixed Spindle
Mtundu woterewu wa spindle umangokhala ndi mphindi zopindika pomwe umakhala uli chilili. Kapangidwe kake kosavuta komanso kuuma bwino kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati ma axle a njinga.
2.Kuzungulira Spindle
Mosiyana ndi masipingo okhazikika, zopota zozungulira zimakhalanso ndi nthawi yopindika pamene zikuyenda. Amapezeka kawirikawiri mu ma axles a sitima yapamtunda.
Drive Shaft
Ma shaft amagalimoto amapangidwa kuti azitumiza torque ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala aatali chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri. Pofuna kupewa kugwedezeka kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu za centrifugal, kuchuluka kwa shaft yoyendetsa kumagawidwa mofanana mozungulira mozungulira. Ma shaft amakono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe opanda kanthu, omwe amapereka liwiro lokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma shaft olimba, kuwapangitsa kukhala otetezeka komanso osagwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, ma shaft amagalimoto nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zokhuthala zofanana, pomwe magalimoto olemera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko.
Shaft Yozungulira
Miyendo yozungulira ndi yapadera chifukwa imapirira nthawi yopindika komanso yopindika, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamakina.
Shaft Yolunjika
Mitsinje yowongoka imakhala ndi mzere wozungulira ndipo imatha kugawidwa m'magulu owoneka bwino komanso opindika. Ma shats osasunthika nthawi zambiri amakhala odetsedwa, koma amatha kupangidwa kuti azikhala osasunthika kuti achepetse kulemera kwinaku akuumirira komanso kukhazikika.
1.Optical Shaft
Mawonekedwe osavuta komanso osavuta kupanga, ma shaft awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popatsirana.
2.Stepped Shaft
Shaft yokhala ndi gawo lopindika longitudinal imatchedwa shaft yopindika. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandizira kukhazikitsa kosavuta ndi kuyika kwa zigawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugawa bwino kwa katundu. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mtengo wokhala ndi mphamvu zofananira, amakhala ndi mfundo zingapo zolimbikitsira. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awa, ma shafts oponderezedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapatsira osiyanasiyana.
3.Camshaft
Camshaft ndi gawo lofunikira mu injini za pistoni. Mu injini za sitiroko zinayi, camshaft nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito pa theka la liwiro la crankshaft, komabe imakhalabe ndi liwiro lalikulu ndipo imayenera kupirira torque yayikulu. Chotsatira chake, mapangidwe a camshaft amaika zofunikira pa mphamvu zake ndi mphamvu zake zothandizira.
Ma Camshafts nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chapadera, ngakhale ena amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zopukutira kuti zikhale zolimba. Mapangidwe a camshaft amatenga gawo lofunikira pakumanga kwa injini yonse.
4.Spline Shaft
Ma spline shaft amatchulidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera, okhala ndi njira yayitali pamtunda wawo. Njira zazikuluzikuluzi zimalola kuti zinthu zozungulira ziziyikidwa pa shaft kuti zisungidwe kasinthasintha. Kuphatikiza pa kusinthasintha uku, ma spline shafts amathandizanso kuyenda kwa axial, ndi mapangidwe ena omwe amaphatikiza njira zodalirika zokhoma zogwiritsira ntchito pama braking ndi chiwongolero.
Chosiyana china ndi shaft ya telescopic, yomwe imakhala ndi machubu amkati ndi akunja. Chubu chakunja chili ndi mano amkati, pomwe chubu lamkati lili ndi mano akunja, zomwe zimawalola kuti agwirizane mopanda msoko. Kapangidwe kameneka sikumangopereka torque yozungulira komanso kumapangitsa kuti athe kukulitsa komanso kugwirizanitsa kutalika kwake, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina osinthira zida.
5.Gear Shaft
Pamene mtunda wochokera ku bwalo la dedendum la gear mpaka pansi pa fungulo ndi lochepa, zida ndi shaft zimaphatikizidwa mu gawo limodzi, lotchedwa shaft gear. Chigawo chamakinachi chimathandizira magawo ozungulira ndipo amagwira ntchito limodzi nawo kuti azitha kusuntha, torque, kapena nthawi yopindika.
6.Worm Shaft
Mphepete mwa nyongolotsi nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ngati gawo limodzi lomwe limagwirizanitsa nyongolotsi ndi shaft.
7.Hollow Shaft
Mtsinje wopangidwa ndi pakati umadziwika kuti tsinde lopanda kanthu. Potumiza torque, gawo lakunja la shaft limakhala ndi kumeta ubweya wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu. M'mikhalidwe yomwe nthawi yopindika ya mazebo ndi olimba imakhala yofanana, ma shafts opanda pake amachepetsa kwambiri kulemera popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito.
Crankshaft
Crankshaft ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu injini, chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mpweya kapena chitsulo cha ductile. Ili ndi magawo awiri ofunikira: magazini yayikulu ndi magazini yolumikizira ndodo. Magazini yaikulu imayikidwa pa chipika cha injini, pamene magazini ya ndodo yolumikizira imagwirizanitsa kumapeto kwakukulu kwa ndodo yolumikizira. Mapeto ang'onoang'ono a ndodo yolumikizira amalumikizidwa ndi pisitoni mu silinda, kupanga makina apamwamba a crank-slider.
Eccentric Shaft
Shaft eccentric imatanthauzidwa ngati tsinde yokhala ndi axis yomwe siinagwirizane ndi pakati pake. Mosiyana ndi ma shaft wamba, omwe makamaka amathandizira kusinthasintha kwa zigawo, ma eccentric shafts amatha kufalitsa ma retation ndi kusintha. Pakusintha mtunda wapakati pakati pa ma shafts, ma eccentric shaft amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina olumikizirana, monga makina a V-belt drive.
Flexible Shaft
Ma shaft osinthika amapangidwa makamaka kuti azitumiza torque ndi kuyenda. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo kocheperako poyerekeza ndi kuuma kwawo, ma shaft osinthika amatha kuyenda mosavuta mozungulira zopinga zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathandizira kutumiza mtunda wautali pakati pa mphamvu yayikulu ndi makina ogwirira ntchito.
Ma shafts awa amathandizira kusuntha pakati pa nkhwangwa ziwiri zomwe zimasuntha pang'onopang'ono popanda kufunikira kwa zida zowonjezera zapakatikati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mtunda wautali. Mapangidwe awo osavuta komanso otsika mtengo amathandizira kutchuka kwawo pamakina osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, ma shaft osinthika amathandizira kuyamwa kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito.
Ntchito zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo zida zamagetsi zogwirizira m'manja, makina ena otumizira zida zamakina, ma odometer, ndi zida zowongolera kutali.
1.Mphamvu-Type Flexible Shaft
Ma shaft amtundu wa mphamvu amakhala ndi cholumikizira chokhazikika kumapeto kwa shaft yofewa, yokhala ndi manja otsetsereka mkati mwa payipi. Ma shaft awa amapangidwa makamaka kuti azitumiza torque. Chofunikira chofunikira pazitsulo zosinthika zamtundu wa mphamvu ndikuwuma kokwanira. Kawirikawiri, ma shaftswa amaphatikizapo njira zotsutsana ndi reverse kuti zitsimikizire kufalikira kwa unidirectional. Chosanjikiza chakunja chimapangidwa ndi waya wokulirapo wachitsulo m'mimba mwake, ndipo mapangidwe ena samaphatikizira ndodo yapakatikati, kumathandizira kukana kuvala komanso kusinthasintha.
2.Control-Type Flexible Shaft
Ma shaft osinthika amtundu wowongolera amapangidwa makamaka kuti aziyenda. Makokedwe omwe amatumiza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti athe kuthana ndi ma torque omwe amapangidwa pakati pa shaft yosinthika ya waya ndi payipi. Kuphatikiza pa kukhala ndi kuuma kopindika pang'ono, ma shaft awa ayeneranso kukhala ndi kuuma kokwanira kwa torsion. Poyerekeza ndi ma shaft osinthika amtundu wa mphamvu, ma shaft osinthika amtundu wowongolera amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake, omwe amaphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa ndodo yapakati, zigawo zambiri zokhotakhota, ndi ma diameter ang'onoang'ono a waya.
Mapangidwe a Flexible Shaft
Ma shaft flexible nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zigawo zingapo: waya flexible shaft, flexible shaft joint, hose and hose joint.
1.Waya Flexible Shaft
Chingwe chosinthira mawaya, chomwe chimatchedwanso flexible shaft, chimapangidwa kuchokera ku zigawo zingapo za waya wachitsulo wolumikizana palimodzi, kupanga gawo lozungulira lozungulira. Chingwe chilichonse chimakhala ndi zingwe zingapo zamabala a waya nthawi imodzi, ndikuzipatsa mawonekedwe ofanana ndi masika amitundu yambiri. Waya wamkati mwake amakulungidwa mozungulira ndodo, ndipo zigawo zoyandikana nazo zimamangirira mbali zosiyana. Mapangidwe awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina aulimi.
2.Flexible Shaft Joint
Kuphatikizika kwa shaft yosinthika kumapangidwa kuti kulumikiza shaft yotulutsa mphamvu kuzinthu zogwirira ntchito. Pali mitundu iwiri yolumikizira: yokhazikika komanso yotsetsereka. Mtundu wosasunthika umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma shaft amfupi osinthika kapena pamapulogalamu omwe ma radius opindika amakhala osasinthasintha. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mtundu wotsetsereka umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene utali wopindika umasinthasintha kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti paipiyo ikhale yowonjezereka kuti igwirizane ndi kusintha kwautali pamene payipi imapindika.
3.Hose ndi Hose Joint
Paipi, yomwe imatchedwanso sheath yoteteza, imateteza shaft yosinthika ya waya kuti isakhudzidwe ndi zida zakunja, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha oyendetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kusunga mafuta odzola ndikuletsa dothi kulowa. Pogwira ntchito, payipi imapereka chithandizo, kupangitsa kuti shaft yosinthika ikhale yosavuta kugwira. Zachidziwikire, payipiyo simazungulira ndi shaft yosinthika panthawi yotumizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito.
Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito za shaft ndikofunikira kwa mainjiniya ndi opanga kuti awonetsetse kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi odalirika pamakina amakina. Posankha mtundu woyenerera wa shaft kuti ugwiritse ntchito mwapadera, munthu amatha kupititsa patsogolo luso komanso moyo wautali wamakina. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zamakina ndi magwiritsidwe ake, khalani tcheru kuti mumve zosintha zaposachedwa!
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-15-2024
