Miyendondi zigawo zofunika kwambiri mu makina, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati msana womwe umathandizira zinthu zonse zotumizira pamene zikutumiza mphamvu ndi nthawi yopindika ya bearing. Kapangidwe ka shaft sayenera kungoyang'ana pa makhalidwe ake okha komanso kuganizira za kuyanjana kwake ndi kapangidwe kake konse ka shaft. Kutengera mtundu wa katundu womwe umapezeka panthawi yoyenda ndi kutumiza mphamvu, shafts zitha kugawidwa m'magulu a spindles, drive shafts, ndi rotating shafts. Zitha kugawidwanso kutengera mawonekedwe awo a axis kukhala straight shafts, eccentric shafts, crankshafts, ndi flexible shafts.
Zopindika
1. Chopindika Chokhazikika
Mtundu uwu wa spindle umangogwira ntchito yopindika pamene umakhala wosasunthika. Kapangidwe kake kosavuta komanso kulimba kwake kumapangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga ma axle a njinga.
2. Spindle Yozungulira
Mosiyana ndi ma spindle okhazikika, ma spindle ozungulira amakhala ndi nthawi yopindika akamayenda. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu ma axles a mawilo a sitima.
Shaft Yoyendetsa
Ma shaft oyendetsera galimoto amapangidwa kuti azitha kutumiza mphamvu ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ataliatali chifukwa cha liwiro lalikulu lozungulira. Pofuna kupewa kugwedezeka kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu za centrifugal, kulemera kwa shaft yoyendetsera galimoto kumagawidwa mofanana mozungulira. Ma shaft amakono oyendetsera galimoto nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe opanda kanthu, omwe amapereka liwiro lalikulu poyerekeza ndi ma shaft olimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ma shaft oyendetsera galimoto nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mbale zachitsulo zokhuthala mofanana, pomwe magalimoto olemera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko.
Shaft Yozungulira
Mipando yozungulira ndi yapadera chifukwa imapirira nthawi zonse zopindika komanso zozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa zigawo zodziwika bwino mu zida zamakanika.
Shaft Yowongoka
Ma shaft owongoka ali ndi mzere wolunjika ndipo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu a ma shaft owoneka bwino ndi oyenda pang'onopang'ono. Ma shaft owongoka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi dothi, koma amatha kupangidwa kuti achepetse kulemera kwinaku akusunga kuuma ndi kukhazikika kwa torsion.
1. Shaft Yowala
Zosavuta kupanga komanso zosavuta kupanga, ma shaft awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka potumiza.
2. Shaft Yoponderezedwa
Shaft yokhala ndi gawo lopindika lotalika imatchedwa shaft yopindika. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandiza kukhazikitsa mosavuta ndi kuyika zigawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katundu azigawidwa bwino. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake akufanana ndi a mtengo wokhala ndi mphamvu yofanana, uli ndi mfundo zambiri zokhutiritsa. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe amenewa, shaft zopindika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana zotumizira.
3. Camshaft
Camshaft ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mu injini za pistoni. Mu injini za four-stroke, camshaft nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito pa theka la liwiro la crankshaft, komabe imakhalabe ndi liwiro lozungulira kwambiri ndipo iyenera kukhala ndi torque yayikulu. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka camshaft kamayika zofunikira kwambiri pa mphamvu yake ndi kuthekera kwake kothandizira.
Ma camshaft nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chapadera, ngakhale kuti ena amapangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zopangidwa kuti zikhale zolimba. Kapangidwe ka camshaft kamakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka injini yonse.
4. Spline Shaft
Ma spline shafts adatchulidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera, okhala ndi ma keyway a longitudinal pamwamba pawo. Ma keyways awa amalola zinthu zozungulira zomwe zimayikidwa pa shaft kuti zisunge kuzungulira kogwirizana. Kuphatikiza pa kuthekera kozungulira kumeneku, ma spline shafts amathandizanso kuyenda kwa axial, ndi mapangidwe ena okhala ndi njira zodalirika zotsekera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mabuleki ndi makina owongolera.
Mtundu wina ndi telescopic shaft, yomwe imakhala ndi machubu amkati ndi akunja. Chubu chakunja chili ndi mano amkati, pomwe chubu chamkati chili ndi mano akunja, zomwe zimawalola kuti agwirizane bwino. Kapangidwe kameneka sikuti kamangotumiza mphamvu yozungulira komanso kumapereka kuthekera kotambasuka ndi kupindika kutalika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito posintha magiya otumizira.
5. Chidebe cha Zida
Pamene mtunda wochokera ku bwalo la dedendum la giya kupita pansi pa keyway ndi wochepa, giya ndi shaft zimaphatikizidwa mu unit imodzi, yotchedwa giya shaft. Gawo la makinali limathandizira magawo ozungulira ndipo limagwira ntchito limodzi nawo kuti lipereke mayendedwe, mphamvu, kapena nthawi zopindika.
6. Shaft ya Nyongolotsi
Mzere wa nyongolotsi nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ngati gawo limodzi lomwe limaphatikiza nyongolotsi ndi mzere.
7. Shaft Yopanda Chingwe
Shaft yopangidwa ndi pakati pa hollow imadziwika kuti hollow shaft. Potumiza torque, gawo lakunja la hollow shaft limakumana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa shear, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipangizo zigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Pansi pa mikhalidwe yomwe nthawi yopindika ya hollow shafts ndi solid shafts ndi yofanana, hollow shafts zimachepetsa kulemera popanda kuwononga magwiridwe antchito.
Crankshaft
Crankshaft ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mu injini, nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mpweya kapena chitsulo chosungunuka. Lili ndi magawo awiri ofunikira: journal yayikulu ndi journal ya ndodo yolumikizira. Journal yayikulu imayikidwa pa block ya injini, pomwe journal ya ndodo yolumikizira imalumikizana ndi kumapeto kwakukulu kwa ndodo yolumikizira. Malekezero ang'onoang'ono a ndodo yolumikizira amalumikizidwa ndi pisitoni mu silinda, ndikupanga njira yakale ya crank-slider.
Shaft Yozungulira
Shaft yosiyana imafotokozedwa ngati shaft yokhala ndi mzere wolunjika womwe suli pakati pake. Mosiyana ndi shaft wamba, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kuzungulira kwa zigawo, shaft yosiyana imatha kutumiza kusinthasintha ndi kuzungulira. Posintha mtunda wapakati pakati pa shaft, shaft yosiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu njira zolumikizirana, monga machitidwe oyendetsa mabelu a V-belt.
Shaft Yosinthasintha
Ma shaft osinthasintha amapangidwa makamaka kuti azitha kutumiza mphamvu ndi kuyenda. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo kotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuuma kwawo kozungulira, ma shaft osinthasintha amatha kuyenda mosavuta mozungulira zopinga zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kutumiza kwakutali pakati pa mphamvu yayikulu ndi makina ogwirira ntchito kudutse.
Ma shaft awa amathandiza kusamutsa mayendedwe pakati pa ma axe awiri omwe ali ndi mayendedwe ocheperako popanda kufunikira zida zina zowonjezera zotumizira pakati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito patali. Kapangidwe kake kosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika zimathandiza kuti azitchuka m'makina osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, ma shaft osinthasintha amathandizira kuyamwa kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito onse azigwira ntchito bwino.
Ntchito zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo zida zamagetsi zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja, makina ena otumizira mauthenga mu zida zamakina, ma odometer, ndi zida zowongolera kutali.
1. Mphamvu-Mtundu Wosinthasintha Shaft
Ma shaft osinthasintha amtundu wamagetsi ali ndi kulumikizana kokhazikika kumapeto kwa shaft yofewa, yokhala ndi chikwama chotsetsereka mkati mwa payipi yolumikizira. Ma shaft awa amapangidwira makamaka kutumiza mphamvu. Chofunika kwambiri pa ma shaft osinthasintha amtundu wamagetsi ndi kuuma kokwanira kwa torsional. Nthawi zambiri, ma shaft awa amaphatikizapo njira zotsutsana ndi kubwerera m'mbuyo kuti zitsimikizire kutumiza kwa unidirectional. Gawo lakunja limapangidwa ndi waya wachitsulo wokulirapo, ndipo mapangidwe ena samakhala ndi ndodo yapakati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukana kuwonongeka komanso kusinthasintha kukhale kolimba.
2. Mtundu Wowongolera Wosinthasintha
Ma shaft osinthasintha amtundu wolamulira makamaka amapangidwira kutumiza kayendedwe. Mphamvu yomwe amatumiza imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuthana ndi mphamvu yokangana yomwe imapangidwa pakati pa shaft yosinthasintha ya waya ndi payipi. Kuphatikiza pa kukhala ndi kuuma kotsika, ma shaft awa ayeneranso kukhala ndi kuuma kokwanira kwa torsional. Poyerekeza ndi ma shaft osinthasintha amtundu wa mphamvu, ma shaft osinthasintha amtundu wolamulira amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe awo, omwe akuphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa ndodo yapakati, kuchuluka kwa zigawo zozungulira, ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono a waya.
Kapangidwe ka Shaft Yosinthasintha
Mipando yosinthasintha nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zigawo zingapo: waya wosinthasintha, cholumikizira cha shaft chosinthasintha, payipi ndi cholumikizira cha payipi.
1. Waya Wosinthasintha Shaft
Shaft yosinthasintha ya waya, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti shaft yosinthasintha, imapangidwa kuchokera ku zigawo zingapo za waya wachitsulo wolumikizidwa pamodzi, ndikupanga gawo lozungulira. Gawo lililonse limakhala ndi zingwe zingapo za waya wolumikizidwa nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale lofanana ndi kasupe wokhala ndi zingwe zambiri. Gawo lamkati la waya limazunguliridwa mozungulira ndodo yapakati, ndipo zigawo zapafupi zimazunguliridwa mbali zosiyana. Kapangidwe kameneka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakina aulimi.
2. Cholumikizira cha Shaft Chosinthasintha
Cholumikizira cha shaft chosinthasintha chapangidwa kuti chilumikize shaft yotulutsa mphamvu ku zigawo zogwirira ntchito. Pali mitundu iwiri yolumikizira: yokhazikika ndi yotsetsereka. Mtundu wokhazikika nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa shaft zazifupi zosinthasintha kapena m'magwiritsidwe ntchito pomwe radius yopindika imakhalabe yofanana. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mtundu wotsetsereka umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene radius yopindika imasiyana kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kuyenda kwakukulu mkati mwa payipi kuti igwirizane ndi kusintha kwa kutalika pamene payipi ikupindika.
3. Chipinda cha payipi ndi payipi
Paipi, yomwe imatchedwanso chidebe choteteza, imathandiza kuteteza waya wosinthasintha kuti usakhudze zinthu zakunja, kuonetsetsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchito ali otetezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kusunga mafuta ndikuletsa dothi kulowa. Pakagwiritsidwa ntchito, payipi imapereka chithandizo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti payipi yosinthasintha ikhale yosavuta kugwira. Chofunika kwambiri, payipiyo sizungulira ndi shaft yosinthasintha panthawi yotumizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwire bwino ntchito.
Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma shaft ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mainjiniya ndi opanga mapulani kuti atsimikizire kuti magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso odalirika m'makina. Mwa kusankha mtundu woyenera wa shaft pa ntchito zinazake, munthu akhoza kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito komanso moyo wautali wa makina. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za zigawo za makina ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, khalani tcheru kuti mudziwe zosintha zathu zaposachedwa!
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-15-2024
